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Title: Knots - Rec.crafts.knots FAQ Frequently asked questions for the newsgroup, covering resources, recommendations, and links.
Rope_Rescue Presentation paper which exposes new students to safe, basic rope rescue fundamentals. Advanced students gain knowledge of proper techniques. All experiences are based on current testing and review

Ropers_Knots_Pages Index of knots with links, illustrations, and descriptions.

Ropeworks A book of knots, hitches, splicing, lashing and rope making.

Ruckus_Society Short climbers' knots manual.

Six_Exploding_Knots Covers six knots that untie easily, including the Sliding Butterfly, Double Carrick bend, and Clove Hitch Biting a Bight. Step-by-step illustrations with instructions and a table of properties.

Sophia-Antipolis_Speleogical_Society Covers common caving knots including the double figure-8 on a bight and the farmer's knot. Illustrations.


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rec.crafts.knots FAQ

rec.crafts.knots FAQ

"to me the simple act of tying a knot is an adventure inunlimited space. a bit of string affords a dimensionallatitude that is unique among the entities. for an uncomplicated strand is a palpable object that, forall practical purposes, possesses one dimension only.if we move a single strand in a plane, interlacing it at will, actual objects of beauty and utility canresult in what is practically two dimensions; and ifwe choose to direct our strand out of this one plane,another dimension is added which provides opportunityfor an excursion that is limited only by the scopeof our own imagery and the length of the ropemaker's coil."From The Ashley Book of Knots by Clifford W. Ashley (see in books below)Table of ContentsNetiquetteBooksPeriodicalsOrganizationsInternet ResourcesSources for thingsWhere can I find...?Miscellaneous questionsContributorsTable of ContentsNetiquette in rec.crafts.knots (r.c.k)The usual standards of newsgroup netiquette apply in rec.crafts.knots. We suggest reading the group fora while before your first posting to see what sort ofposts are common here. The usual rule of no-binaries(picture files, programs, etc.) applies. If you havea graphic file to share with the group, place it ata FTP or WWW (Web) site available to you and postan article in the group that describes where interestedpeople may look for it. As a last resort, post itto one of the alt.binaries... groups (there aresome general purpose a.b... groups) and post yourpointer in r.c.k; we suggest putting 'KNOT'in the Subject to enable others to find it easily.If you are unable to place a graphics filerelated to a posting in rec.crafts.knots at yourown or a friend's Web or FTP site, you may be ableto arrange temporary hosting from some other personwho has an interest in knots. See Resources below.Table of ContentsBooksPlease send entriesThe Ashley Book of Knots by Clifford W. AshleyDoubleday (1944) $45; in its 35th printingThis is the "must-have" book of knotting. Ashley's lucidstyle, clear drawings, background materials, and comprehensivecoverage make this the book from which to learn knot tying. [pwm]Symmetric Bends: How to Join Two Lengths of Cord by Roger Miles,Autumn 1995, 150 pages (16 pages of color photos) US$32, £22World Scientific Publishing Co., Inc., http://www.wspc.co.uk1060 Main Street, River Edge, NJ 07661, USAFAX: 201-487-9656 Phone 800-227-7562This book received a well-deserved glowing review by Lester Copestake inthe Dec issue of Knotting Matters. I haven't finished reading it as yet,but have spent several happy hours confirming his lattice diagrams. Someof the topics covered by Roger Miles are: Elementary Symmetric Bends,Geometry and Plannar Representations, Topological Conciderations and aTheorem, Practical Considerations and Triple Symmetry, Sixty (60!)Symmetric Bends (diagrams and colored photos of each) and How to InventSymmetric Bends.The book provides a layman's window into the mind-bogling mathematics thathas evolved out of knot theory (and won a Field's Medal (Nobel-eqiv) in1990 for Vaughan Jones). Dyslectic knot tyers will love this book, as thediagrams and photos are word-less.[dbl]Additional description is at: http://www.wspc.com.sg/books/mathematics/2686.html.[pg]Forget Me Knots by Karl Rohnke, 1992, ISBN 0-8403-7138-1Kendal/Hunt Publishing Company2460 Kerper Blvd.P.O. Box 539Dubuque, IA 52004-0539This 67 page, spiral-bound handbook is designed for aspiring youngclimbers: "a gentle reminder of the knots, ropes and lore used on achallenge rope course." Safety and security are the theme in thisfun-book. The illustrations by Plynn Williams include a couple ofcorner-series which animate the rope on its way to becoming a knot as youriffle through the page corners (a poor man's Quick-time movie for thecomputer-deprived). Interestingly, this book says nothing about bends,probably because of legal implications.[dbl]The History and Science of Knots edited by J C Turner (Univ. Waikato) & P van de Griend (Aarhus Univ.); May 1996; ISBN 981-02-2469-9; US$78 / £54A collection of essays with sections on the prehistory and antiquity, non-European traditions, working knots, the developing science of knots, and decorative and other aspects of knots.A more complete description is at: http://www.wspc.com.sg/books/mathematics/2940.html. [pg] The Klutz Book of Knots by John Cassidy; 1985; ISBN 0-932592-10-4Klutz Press, Palo Alto, California [rp]This spiral bound book shows step by step how to tie 24 useful hitches,ties, wraps and knots. It comes with practice cord and has thick stiffpages with holes and slots for practicing the knots right next to itsdrawings. The Knot Book by Geoffrey Budworth; 1985; ISBN 0-8069-7944-5Published by Sterling Publishing Co., Inc. New YorkThis is a paperback book of about 100 knots chosen for their usefulness.This book is distinguished by its well drawn illustrations, wellconceived text and scarcity of errors. Although the author is one of theforemost authorities on knots, he also includes knowledge from otherhigh achievers on this subject. [rp]The Morrow Guide to Knots by Mario Bigon and Guido Regazzoni, translatedby Maria Piotrowska; 1982; ISBN 0-688-01226-4 William Morrow and Company, Inc. ( American edition; Italian original 1981).This 255 page paperback contains about 80 knots covering a variety ofuses. Its unique features include 647 color photographs, multipleways to tie the bowline and various gems not usually found in a bookthis size. The photos are laid out with great care to illustrate theknot tying process. [rp]Table of ContentsPeriodicalsHet Knoopeknauwertje -- a Dutch knotting magazine.For more details e-mail: Pieter van de Griend <vdgriend@euronet.nl> An online, English language version of Het Knoopeknauwertje [pg]The Australian Whipmaker -- Australian; AU$36for overseas members; see AWPO under Organizations for address. [pg]Table of ContentsOrganizationsIGKT -- International Guild of Knot Tyers(need detailed info for this item)IGKT:NAB -- International Guild of Knot Tyers: North American BranchInternational Guild of Knot Tyers: North American Branch - info [pwm]International Guild of Knot Tyers: North American Branch - application [pwm]AWPO -- The Australian Whipmakers and Plaiters Organization [pg]12 Faireyland RoadKurandaQueensland 4872 Australiaphone: (070) 937474fax: (070) 514484Table of ContentsInternet ResourcesInternational Guild of Knot Tyers(these don't seem to be getting updates) [dbo]International Guild of Knot Tyers: North American Branch (these don't seem to be getting updates) [dbo]International Guild of Knot Tyers: North American Branch - info [pwm]International Guild of Knot Tyers: North American Branch - application [pwm]International Guild of Knot Tyers: Texas Branch [gcs]Army Field Manual on rigging; in-progress (sometimes not available); contains sections on ropes, knots, splices and more; opening page is reasonably sized, but chapters are large. [ep]Knot Books on the Web: WWW references to books. [ep]Ropers Knot Page [ep]Ropers Knot Links [ep] Suber's Knots on the Web [ps] Animated Knots -- from a UK Scout troop [df]International String Figure Association -- from cat's cradle on up [pg]Jack Keene's list of links to web pages with Rope and Knot Strength information. [jk]If you are unable to provide a web or FTP site for a graphics file related to a posting in rec.crafts.knots, you may be able to arrange for temporary hosting from someone listed here. Send them mail to ask how they want to set it up. Peter Suber <peters@earlham.edu> have a look at Peter's Gallery to find out how to submit an image file. Table of ContentsSourcesThe Knot ShoppeSupplies: para cord in different colors.Foodrope Knots: Books on knotting. [ep] Des & Liz Pawson 501 Wherstead Road Ipswitch, Suffolk, IP2 8LLTable of ContentsWhere Can I Find...?What are the best sources/references for engineering data on ropes and knots? For several years, I have been looking for raw data on breaking strengths and creep rates under steady and cyclic loads. There must be a government agency (or several) concerned with rope and knot standards (e.g., parachute bureau), but I haven't found one.[dbl] Where can I find a particular knot on the Web Ropers Knot Index [ep]Table of ContentsMiscellaneous QuestionsI've heard that many knot books have errors in them. Why is that andhow do I find a book without errors?Knot books sometimes have errors because the books the author referencedhave errors. The most common error is misnaming, though sometimes theillustrations or the recommended uses are incorrect, which can bedangerous. The books reviewed on this page are generally reliable, andother knotting web sites sometimes include book reviews.[rp] I keep seeing ABOK mentioned. What does that mean?Ashley Book Of Knots. It is usually followed by a number to indicate aparticular knot in his book.[rp] What is a good book for beginners to learn knotting who don't want tolearn a squizzilion knots?The Klutz book of Knots reviewed in this FAQ is an excellent book withonly 24 knots.[rp]I have heard that the square knot (also called the reef knot) can bedangerous, is that true?Yes, It should never be used as a bend (to connect two pieces of ropefor the purpose of making a longer rope). This knot often slips when usedthis way and has caused injuries and deaths.[rp]Why would someone want to learn knots when bungee cords and strapsare so easy to use?A length of rope and the knowledge of a few knots make for infinitelyversatile connections and lashings. It's never a bad idea to have somearound to fill in for when the bungees and straps are too awkward orwrong for the job.[rp]Why would someone want to learn to put whipping on a rope when youcan just use tape?There are many activities where it helps to know whipping, like theincreasingly popular practice of making and fixing your own fishingpoles, or for decorative reasons.[rp] Why do I always see fishing knots include their strength, but notother knots?Fishing is usually done with line of very limited strength (especiallyin competitions) and the goal is to use knots that weaken it as littleas possible. For most non fishing uses, a few percentage points ofstrength is not as important as security, being untied easily orwhatever else your job may require.[rp]How can you get a knot to hold in these new slippery syntheticropes? Don't they just come undone?Sometimes knots come loose because they were not worked down correctly. All knots must be worked down snug and proper for maximum reliability. It is also important to choose the correct knot for the job. Knotsshould be tested to see when they hold, slip or jam when tied indifferent ropes. Other options include securing the working end with ahalf hitch, overhand or multiple overhand knot, or seizing.[rp]What does IGKT mean?The International Guild of Knot Tyers. The IGKT is open to anyoneinterested in knotting (whether expert or simply hoping to learn fromothers). For more information see their web pages in the Internetresources section above.[rp]I sometimes see safety warnings about some knots, especiallyconcerning children, why is that?Loop knots that slip make dangerous nooses. Children like to playhangman with slip loops. There have been many deaths as a result. Toddlers like to put things around their neck and have even died fromplaying with mini blind cord. Many parents cut mini blind cords shortso that young children cannot reach them.[rp]When I was young I remember a relative who used to tie a reallyuseful knot. Is there anyway I could find out what that was?Many knot books organize the knots by use, or include a table listingthem that way. If you can remember how or what the knot was used forthat might help your search.[rp]I know there is more than one way to tie a tie, but where do I findout how?The general knot pages listed above have a number of links toinstructional pages for tying ties.[rp]Every time I try and carry furniture or boxes on the top of my car,they have to call out the national guard to help clean up the mess onthe highway. Is there a good way to secure something like that?Though it is never recommended to carry items on top of a car with noroof rack, many people do it. (I have, but don't tell anybody.) Theway it's usually done is to make a small loop in one end of a rope andrun the other end through the inside of the car while the doors are open(but not through the windows) , and then over the items on top and backthrough the small loop. If the resulting wrap is pulled tight with atruckers hitch the items on the roof will be pulled tightly down on theroof (though not necessarily securely). You may want to run more thanone of these loops. When the doors are closed the lines will be pulledeven tighter. The cargo should also be secured with ropes to the frontand back bumpers if possible.[rp]Half the time I see someone using a tarp on the highway, it lookslike a wreckage scene from the movie Waterworld. Why is that?A tarp under wind pressure suffers the forces of a net, airplane wingand a whip all at once. Care should be taken to keep it from behavinglike a flag or a kite. All the corners should be tied down so that itcannot be move in any direction. Extra crossing ropes would not be abad idea, and all cargo underneath should be secured independently ofthe tarp, to keep the tarp from having to do the job of a net. Since itis easy to underestimate the forces of wind on a tarp, highway travelerswill continue to entertain (or frighten) us.[rp]Why does it seem that for some knots nobody can agree on a name?Use by different hobbies, professions, languages and cultures makemultiple names for some knots inevitable. Some people use the number ofthe knot in Ashley's book (ABOK ###) to clarify communications.[rp]How can I tell if a knot is safe and can hold a load?Always practice with and test a knot before trusting it. Working a knotdown to its proper snug form is just as important as tying itcorrectly. Also, remember that many knots will reduce the breakingstrength of rope to about 40% to 60%. [rp] How long have people been using knots.Egyptians used them, Vikings used them, and according to knot historianand researcher Pieter van de Griend, they are "man's oldesttechnological achievement, possibly even predating the discovery offire."[rp]How many knots are there and can you patent them?Many books say there are about 4000 in the literature, probably becauseClifford Ashley has nearly that many in his knot book. There areactually infinitely many variations. You can't patent a knot butClifford Ashley said he patented # 3028 in his book, which is a sinnet(braided cordage).[rp]If you think you have discovered a new knot but you are not sure,how do you find out?Because so much knotting knowledge is lost to history, you may neverknow for sure. But the first step for most people is to see if it is inAshley's book (See book review section above). If it isn't and you'restill curious, post a link to a picture of it on this newsgroup. Theirare some very knowledgeable knot tyers who monitor rec.crafts.knots. Also, one of the reasons for the establishment of the InternationalGuild of Knot Tyers is to serve as an authoritative body for consultingpurposes. [rp]What is the best knot?People can be very opinionated about knots. But it's good to rememberthat a knot that is good for one purpose is not necessarily good foranother. Many experienced knot tyers never cease to try out newdiscoveries and update their repertoire.[rp]What is the worst knot?There are many opinions about this too so here's mine; use a square knotto hang your bait bucket over the pier and you will be watching it floataway.[rp]I get lost half the time when I am trying to follow a knot diagram,what can I do?Some people work better from written directions than from diagrams, soyou might try that. Here are some other tips: try a different book, trya different web page, try making other knots of similar type, trydifferent rope or cord, try pinning the rope on a cork board, tryphotocopying and enlarging the diagram, try turning the diagram in adifferent direction, try drawing it yourself, ask someone to help you inperson and last but not least -- ask for help from rec.crafts.knots.[rp]Does it take 4 years of post doctorate work to learn how to do agood looking splice like you see on dock ropes?Eye splicing is simple but some book diagrams and descriptions aretricky to learn from. Try some of the tips from the previous question.[rp]If a rope has a sheath, how can you tell if the center might bedamaged?There is no easy way to be sure so if you suspect it is damaged itshould never be used for climbing or rescue. One test is to tie itslength under tension and feel for defects.[rp]What ever happened to cotton rope and where can I find some?Many of the uses for cotton rope are being handled admirably bysynthetic ropes. Still it is the rope of choice for magicians andhorseman, so you might try their shops. Magicians remove the core ofcotton braid to facilitate sliding knots. Cotton rope is less likely to"burn" when pulled through the hands and prevents rope burns if a horseshould get tangled when tied. It also makes a spiffy dog chew.[rp]I've heard that some animals can tie knots, is that true? And if so,are any of them members of the IGKT.Gorillas tie grannies and square knots to hold saplings down in theirnests. The hagfish ties itself in an overhand knot, and the weaver birdties a number of knots. I didn't see any animals listed in themembership handbook, but the IGKT is open to anyone interested inknotting (whether expert or simply hoping to learn from others).[rp]A neighbor of mine puts half a dozen extra twists and loops and halfknots on his knots when he secures gear in his pickup. He says that itis necessary to make it secure. Is that true?No. It will just make it impossible to untie in a hurry if he needsto. The same applies to people who "bury the cleat" when docking aboat; they must assume there will never be a dock fire.[rp]A friend of mine always pulls out a lighter and starts torchingwhenever he finishes a knot. Is that necessary?Some people like to flame the working end of a knot after it is finishedto swell up the end in the hope that it won't pull back into the knot. It is more important to use the correct knot and work it down properly. If that's not enough maybe another knot should be used.[rp]Nylon 3-strand rope unravels at just short of the speed of light. What gives?Nylon is a slippery material and although it's stable in 3-strand form,it will unravel easily if the ends are not whipped, taped or otherwisesecured. One trick for cutting it neatly is to tape the spot you wantto cut first, and then cut in the middle of the tape. Then you willautomatically have two taped ends.[rp]I am usually concerned about knots being secure but I have heardthat some knots are stronger than others. Is that important?Synthetic ropes are very strong. It's common to use a rope muchstronger than needed just to be thick enough to "get a grip." If youare using a knot that is correct for a given purpose then other knotswill probably not be more than 10% or 20% stronger. Splicing howevercan be 40 to 100% stronger than some knots.[rp]Every time I put a knot under a load, I can never get the &#*!!thing untied. Isn't their a better way?Knots vary in how easily they untie after being stressed. For example;the bowline unties easily after a load, but the double half hitch can beornery. Many knots are still secure when the last tuck is with the endfolded over, like in shoelaces. This can make release much easier. Many knots known for their quick release abilities behave poorly under aload -- the highwayman's hitch can give way, the mooring hitch can jam. [rp]I found your FAQ page, but I can't find your newsgroup on myserver. What gives?Different systems need different solutions. Some people have attainedaccess through DejaNews athttp://www.dejanews.com/[rp]I have heard that there is a computer program that makes knots. Isthat true?Yes, it's called KnotPlot and it makes astounding images and performsmany mathematical operations on knots. There are several links to it onpages referenced from this page.[rp]A friend told me that nobody uses knots on a sailboat anymore, isthat true?No, there are four or five knots that are used regularly plus many morefor special tasks and emergencies.[rp]In a recent, informal survey on the newsgroup rec.boats.cruising, askingabout the necessary knots for the recreational sailor, boaters submitted20 useful knots.By far the most frequently mentioned (3 to 5 responses each) were thesquare (reef) knot, clove hitch, figure 8, bowline, sheet bend, androlling hitch. Buntline hitch, alpine butterfly, and round turn and twohalf hitches each got 2 votes, while mentioned only once were Ashley'sbend, overhand, constrictor, carrick, monkey chain, cleat hitch,monkey's fist, prusik, bowline on a bight, double sheet bend, andtrucker's hitch.(Amazing, not one anchor bend or becket bend, yet virtually every bookof boater's knots features these!)[dh]How do you get out a knot that is jammed?I have leveraged some open with a Marlinespike, but if all else fails,try rec.knives.[rp]I know that I am tying my fishing knots right, but they still breaktoo often. What's happening?When a knot is pulled down in fishing line it saws harshly againstitself. If it is not wetted it will cut itself badly and then breakunder light strain. Also, you might want to test if the line is brittleby tying an overhand knot in it and seeing how easy it breaks (if theline is OK it should hold to about 50% line strength).[rp]Where can I find some games for my boy scout troop to play thatinvolves knots?Many knot books have a recreational section in them. There are alsomany scout links on some of the pages referenced on this page.[rp]I can read postings on the newsgroup, but I can't seem to postanything.DejaNews has a search engine for computer and technical questions at:http://www.dejanews.com/[rp]I was reading a message on the rec.crafts.knots newsgroup, but nowit won't show it.Some news browsers will not show a message again after it has beenmarked "read". In Netscape 2 and 3, you can chose "show all messages"from the Options menu. Also, see question above.Sorry Peter, I haven't had a chance to look up the menu Items on MSIEyet.[rp]I'm concerned that if I post to a newsgroup, I will get a lot ofjunk mail. Is that true?I received a couple of junk emails (spam) soon after joiningrec.crafts.knots, but not enough to be a bother. The worst newsgroupfor getting spam is news.admin.net-abuse.email ...since the spammerstroll it for revenge. Some people put the letters NOSPAM in theirreturn email address. That way other newsgroup members can stillcontact you by taking out these letters, but some automatic engines forcollecting email addresses from newsgroups will be fooled.[rp]I heard that everybody likes knot puns. If I hear a new one shouldI post it?Try alt.humor.puns. But if you think it is so good that knot tyers MUSTsee it, then maybe post a link to it instead of posting it directly sothere will not be any unintended victims (no pun intended).[rp]Table of ContentsContributors to the FAQ[dbl]Dick Blackmer <easy@wizvax.net>[dbo]David Bowie "><dbowie@webshirt.com>>[df]Doug Fry <br816@freenet.toronto.on.ca>[dh]Dwight Hall <dwihall@ix.netcom.com>[ep]Ed Prins <erpprs@dds.nl>[gcs]Gary Sessions <gcsessions@netgazer.net>[jk] Jack Keene <knotter@juno.com>[pg]Pieter van de Griend <vdgriend@euronet.nl>[ps]Peter Suber <peters@earlham.edu>[pwm]Peter W. Meek <pwmeek@mail.msen.com>[rp]Randy Penn <rlpenn@gte.net>Table of ContentsSuggestions for entries neededI can always use suggestionsfor entries in all of the sections, especially 'Books','Periodicals' and 'Organizations'. Please includee-mail and surface-mail addresses, phone/fax numbers, dues or subscription costs, and anything else pertinant.Please also include which information about yourselfto include in the contributors list.Send suggestions to<pwmeek@mail.msen.com>Created: Fri 7-Feb-1997Modified: 12/29/98 12:40:06 PMBy: Peter W. Meek <pwmeek@mail.msen.com>Send comments or suggestions
 

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